Where do all those pipes go?

The three geothermal systems – closed loop, open loop, and an hybrid system – offer different pipe configurations.

Closed-loop systems

Depending on space available, a closed loop system can be installed in a vertical, horizontal or pond/lake configuration.

Vertical loop

This is the best option where space is limited and is often used for retrofits of pre-existing buildings. It can be done in an area of approximately 15 by 15 feet (4.572 by 4.572 meters) for one well. However, you need to make sure you also have about 12 by 30 feet (3.66 by 9.1 meters) for the drilling rig to park. Vertical loop systems will go down 300 – 400 feet (91.4 – 122 meters) on average, but can go even further down if more capacity is required.

Horizontal loop

This is generally an easier and more cost-efficient option if you have the space as the pipes only go down 4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 meters) on average.

Pond/lake loop

This is possible only if you have a nearby pond or lake that is at least 8 feet (2.4 meters) deep.

Open-loop system

This option is rarely used, and only in cases where there is an adequate supply of relatively clean water and where local codes and regulations for groundwater discharge can be met.

Hybrid systems

Hybrids combine either different geothermal resources or geothermal with outdoor aid (i.e. a cooling tower). While more complicated, these may be worth considering for places where cooling needs are significantly larger than heating needs.